Re: Long hops on international paths

["Lady Benjamin Cannon of Glencoe, ASCE" <lb () 6by7 net>]

Carrier class core routers still cost half a million dollars each or (way) more, so it’s not uncommon for there to be 
2-4 in a metro.

And there are only a few metros that have undersea cable landing stations.

We deploy a minimum of a pair of core routers everywhere, but with our BGP/OSPF/iBGP core your path through us 
generally won’t change even though there’s an alternative path with slightly lower route pref. (Absent loss of both 
physical path and physical alternate)

Ms. Lady Benjamin PD Cannon of Glencoe, ASCE
6x7 Networks & 6x7 Telecom, LLC 
CEO 
lb () 6by7 net
"The only fully end-to-end encrypted global telecommunications company in the world.”

FCC License KJ6FJJ

Sent from my iPhone via RFC1149.

> On Jan 17, 2022, at 1:23 PM, Pengxiong Zhu <pzhu011 () ucr edu> wrote:
>
> 
> Hi Paul,
>
> Just curious. How do you determine they are the same routers? Is it based on IP address or MAC addresses? Or using 
> CAIDA’s router alias database?
>
> Also how do you draw the conclusion that the AS1299 router is indeed in Chicago? IP-geolocation based on rDNS is not 
> always accurate though. 
>
>
> Pengxiong 
>
> > On Mon, Jan 17, 2022 at 10:03 AM PAUL R BARFORD <pb () cs wisc edu> wrote:
> > Hello,
> >
> > I am a researcher at the University of Wisconsin.  My colleagues at Northwestern University and I are studying 
> > international Internet connectivity and would appreciate your perspective on a recent finding.
> >
> > We're using traceroute data from CAIDA's Ark project for our work.  We've observed that many international links 
> > (i.e., a single hop on an end-to-end path that connects two countries where end points on the hop are identified via 
> > rDNS) tend to originate/terminate at the same routers.  Said another way, we are observing a relatively small set of 
> > routers in different countries tend to have a majority of the international connections - this is especially the 
> > case for hops that terminate in the US.  For example, there is a router operated by Telia (AS1299) in Chicago that 
> > has a high concentration of such links.  We were a bit surprised by this finding since even though it makes sense 
> > that the set of providers is relatively small (i.e., those that offer global connectivity), we assumed that the set 
> > of routers that used for international connectivity within any one country would tend to be more widely distributed 
> > (at least with respect to how they appear in traceroute data - MPLS notwithstanding).
> >
> > We're interested in whether or not this is indeed standard practice and if so, the cost/benefit for configuring 
> > international connectivity in this way?
> >
> > Any thoughts or insights you might have would be greatly appreciated - off-list responses are welcome.
> >
> > Thank you.
> >
> > Regards, PB
> >
> > Paul Barford
> > University of Wisconsin - Madison
> -- 
>
> Regards,
> Pengxiong Zhu
> Department of Computer Science and Engineering
> University of California, Riverside