Re: Cannot find -lpcap when statically compiling a C project

[liu wen <caonimagongling () gmail com>]

On Fri, Nov 20, 2015 at 12:52 AM, Guy Harris <guy () alum mit edu> wrote:

> On Nov 19, 2015, at 3:29 PM, liu wen <caonimagongling () gmail com> wrote:
>
> > I want to statically compile a C project in a laptop(fedora), using
> command
> > line like:
> >
> > gcc -o myprogram -static main.c ... -levent -lpcap
> >
> > but I get error:
> >
> > /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lpcap
> > /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lc
> >
> > I tried to locate libpcap.a and find no such a file
>
> See if there are libpcap RPMs that you haven't installed, perhaps one with
> a name like "libpcap-dev" or something with "-dev" in the name, although
> usually "-dev" packages include both static libraries and header files, so
> without the "-dev" package you won't be able to compile anything.  Perhaps
> Fedora has separate packages for the libpcap runtime (shared libraries),
> libpcap development (headers), and libpcap static libraries.

# locate libpcap-dev
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/l/75ed44a0adeee36906852424e93dafd3a950ae77-libpcap-devel-1.3.0-2.fc18-x86_64
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/l/75ed44a0adeee36906852424e93dafd3a950ae77-libpcap-devel-1.3.0-2.fc18-x86_64/changed_by
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/l/75ed44a0adeee36906852424e93dafd3a950ae77-libpcap-devel-1.3.0-2.fc18-x86_64/checksum_data
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/l/75ed44a0adeee36906852424e93dafd3a950ae77-libpcap-devel-1.3.0-2.fc18-x86_64/checksum_type
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/l/75ed44a0adeee36906852424e93dafd3a950ae77-libpcap-devel-1.3.0-2.fc18-x86_64/command_line
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/l/75ed44a0adeee36906852424e93dafd3a950ae77-libpcap-devel-1.3.0-2.fc18-x86_64/from_repo
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/l/75ed44a0adeee36906852424e93dafd3a950ae77-libpcap-devel-1.3.0-2.fc18-x86_64/from_repo_revision
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/l/75ed44a0adeee36906852424e93dafd3a950ae77-libpcap-devel-1.3.0-2.fc18-x86_64/from_repo_timestamp
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/l/75ed44a0adeee36906852424e93dafd3a950ae77-libpcap-devel-1.3.0-2.fc18-x86_64/installed_by
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/l/75ed44a0adeee36906852424e93dafd3a950ae77-libpcap-devel-1.3.0-2.fc18-x86_64/reason
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/l/75ed44a0adeee36906852424e93dafd3a950ae77-libpcap-devel-1.3.0-2.fc18-x86_64/releasever

what commands/steps should I follow so as to get the libpcap.a?


> However, "cannot find -lc" means it also doesn't have a static version of
> libc, so you'll also have to find a Fedora package with a static version of
> libc.


how can I find a static version of libc?



> > if I compile dynamically, it successfully produces an executable
> >
> > ldd relay
> > linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fff4bfaf000)
> > libevent-1.4.so.2 => /lib/libevent-1.4.so.2 (0x00007f14053a5000)
> > libpcap.so.1 => /lib64/libpcap.so.1 (0x00000035b4a00000)
> > libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00000035b0a00000)
> > libnsl.so.1 => /lib64/libnsl.so.1 (0x00000035cea00000)
> > librt.so.1 => /lib64/librt.so.1 (0x00000035b1a00000)
> > libresolv.so.2 => /lib64/libresolv.so.2 (0x00000035b2e00000)
> > /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00000035b0200000)
> > libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00000035b1600000)
> >
> >
> > This executable only works in this laptop.
>
> Probably because either
>
>         1) the other laptops are running the same version of Fedora but
> don't have all those shared libraries installed
>
> or
>
>         2) they're running some other OS, so that the libraries have
> different pathnames.
>
> As far as I know, there's not much binary compatibility between different
> Linux distributions for anything other than programs with no dynamic
> libraries; there *might* be some level of binary compatibility allowing
> software compiled for older versions of a distribution to run on newer
> versions.
>
> > If I compile the project in
> > other laptops, it doesn't work properly(the libpcap can't capture all
> > packets successfully, I don't know why).
>
> I.e., if you compile it on another machine, it doesn't even work on *that*
> machine?

yes, if I compile it on the other machine, it still doesn't work (it
doesn't capture all passing-by packets on that machine)


> What does "tcpdump -h" print on the laptop where the build works and on
> the laptops where it doesn't?


it doesn't works on laptop of

tcpdump version 4.5.1
libpcap version 1.5.3


it works on laptop of

tcpdump version 4.3.0
libpcap version 1.3.0
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