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IP: PC World: Article on EFF Cooperative Comp. Awards
From: Dave Farber <farber () cis upenn edu>
Date: Fri, 14 May 1999 22:10:53 -0400
From: Alex Fowler <afowler () eff org> http://www.pcworld.com:80/pcwtoday/article/0,1510,10890,00.htmlFrom PC World OnlineTogether We Search, United We Find Researchers think it's prime time for personal computers to work together, and they're dangling big prizes. by Jennifer Pelz, special to PC World May 11, 1999, 3:00 a.m. PT Somewhere near the edge of human imagination, there's a million-digit number with a rare distinction. It is the biggest prime number ever known--and it's waiting to be discovered. And a San Francisco Internet group wants you to find it. Don't worry, you don't have to do the math. Your computer will do it for you in its spare time, experts say. To demonstrate how personal computers can cooperate for the common good, the Electronic Frontier Foundation is offering a $50,000 prize to the first person to find a million-digit prime number, the mathematical term for numbers like 2, 3, or 7027 that can't be divided evenly. The awards rise for the first ten-million-digit prime and beyond. They are part of a growing number of efforts to put the world's millions of computers together to work for progress and profit. Home PCs Do Their Bit All it takes to try for the prime-number prize is a standard home computer. A free program, available at Mersenne.org, will assign a number to test and start the computer on its way. Designed to be unobtrusive, the software works with power left over from whatever else the computer is doing, explains George Woltman, the program's author. If the computer is grappling with a big database, the number-testing will go slowly. If the machine is idling, the program will crank away as fast as it can. But even when the computer is working, "most of the time, you're really not using your computer very hard," says Woltman, a retired computer programmer living in Orlando, Florida. A PC with a 200-MHz Pentium processor can check out a number in about three weeks, if it's running the entire time, he says. There are also versions of the software for Macintosh and Linux operating systems. Although it will work unnoticed, the software installs an icon that allows the user to easily check its progress. If it finds the assigned number is prime, "it'll go crazy and beep," Woltman says. "It'll let you know you've gotten lucky." Big Rewards Roland Clarkson, a California college sophomore, got lucky this January. Running Woltman's program, Clarkson's two 200-MHz computers found the current record-holder, a prime number with 909,526 digits. Clarkson's find is a number so huge that, written in a line of 12-point type, it would stretch for nearly two and a half miles, according to University of Tennessee math professor Chris Caldwell. And that's without commas. Except for 1, not a single other number can divide it without leaving a remainder. While such prime numbers are useful for code-writing, mathematicians admire them for themselves. These rarities are the building blocks that make all other numbers. And there's no formula to find them all, said Caldwell, keeper of the Prime Pages, a Web list of all known prime numbers. To Caldwell, hunting prime numbers makes is like collecting gems, ancient coins, or first editions. "In all human endeavor, the more rare something is, the more we value it," he explains. About 8000 computers are now working on the Internet prime-number project, Woltman said. They have joined the distinguished company of major mathematicians and philosophers like Euclid and Descartes, who pondered prime numbers, Caldwell said. Effort's the Thing But for the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the point is the effort, not the potential find. For one thing, the foundation wants idle computers to do something more productive than running screen savers. The project also showcases the social benefits and commercial potential of cobbling computers together, says John Gilmore, one of the organization's founders. "The way computers are linked now makes it possible to build supercomputers out of ordinary ones...with some social cooperation," he says. The prime-number hunters aren't alone in realizing it. Distributed.net, a group of computer users around the globe, has worked on various code-testing projects since 1997, in the interest of improving computer security. The current project promises prizes of $1000 to $2000. Meanwhile, astronomers at the University of California at Berkeley want help scanning the skies for signs of intelligent life, as part of their Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence at Home project. The necessary software--a screen saver that will analyze data from a giant telescope in Puerto Rico--is scheduled to become available May 17 from the SETI at Home Web site. Ultimately, Gilmore suggests, there could even be a market for these piecemeal supercomputers. He envisions businesses paying to have a network of small computers work on big projects like animation, economic modeling or testing product designs. ===----------------------------------------------=== Alexander Fowler Director of Public Affairs Electronic Frontier Foundation E-mail: afowler () eff org Tel: 415 436 9333; Fax 415 436 9993 You can find EFF on the Web at <http://www.eff.org> EFF supports the Global Internet Liberty Campaign <http://www.gilc.org> ===----------------------------------------------===
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- IP: PC World: Article on EFF Cooperative Comp. Awards Dave Farber (May 14)