Warnings as Trump administration hardens nuclear policy against Russia | US news | The Guardian

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https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/feb/03/trump-administration-hardens-nuclear-policy-against-russia?utm_source=esp&utm_medium=Email&utm_campaign=GU+Today+main+NEW+H+categories&utm_term=262776&subid=3180097&CMP=EMCNEWEML6619I2

Warnings as Trump administration hardens nuclear policy against Russia
Alarm from arms control groups at calls for new warheads and missiles to counter perceived threat from Moscow of 
tactical nuclear strikes

Associated PressFri 2 Feb 2018 22.45 EST
 
The Trump administration announced on Friday that it will continue much of the Obama administration’s nuclear weapons 
policy, but take a more aggressive stance toward Russia. It said Russia must be convinced it would face “unacceptably 
dire costs” if it were to threaten even a limited nuclear attack in Europe.

The sweeping review of US nuclear policy does not call for any net increase in strategic nuclear weapons — a position 
that stands in contrast to President Donald Trump’s statement, in a tweet shortly before he took office, that the US 
“must greatly strengthen and expand its nuclear capability until such time as the world comes to its senses regarding 
nukes”.

In his State of the Union address on Tuesday, he made no mention of expansion, though he said the arsenal must deter 
acts of aggression.


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A 74-page report summarising the review’s findings calls North Korea a “clear and grave threat” to the US and its 
allies. It asserts that any North Korean nuclear attack against the US or its allies will result in “the end of that 
regime”.

It also cast China as a potential nuclear adversary, saying the US arsenal is tailored to “prevent Beijing from 
mistakenly concluding” that it could gain advantage by using its nuclear weapons in Asia, or that “any use of nuclear 
weapons, however limited, is acceptable”.

The Pentagon-led review of the US nuclear arsenal and the policies that govern it was ordered by Trump a year ago. In a 
written statement, Trump said US strategy is designed to make use of nuclear weapons less likely.

In an apparent reference to the threat of catastrophic cyberattack, he said the US aims to strengthen deterrence of 
major attacks against the US and its allies, including those that “may not come in the form of nuclear weapons”.

Known officially as a nuclear posture review, and customarily done at the outset of a new administration, the report 
drew blistering criticism from arms control groups.

“President Trump is embarking on a reckless path — one that will reduce US security both now and in the longer term,” 
said Lisbeth Gronlund, a senior scientist at the Union of Concerned Scientists. She said the administration is blurring 
the line between nuclear and conventional war-fighting.

The Trump administration concluded that the US should largely follow its predecessor’s blueprint for modernising the 
nuclear arsenal, including new bomber aircraft, submarines and land-based missiles.

It also endorsed adhering to existing arms control agreements, including the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty that 
limits the United States and Russia each to 1,550 strategic nuclear warheads on a maximum of 700 deployed launchers.

The treaty, negotiated under President Barack Obama, entered into force on 5 February 2011, and its weapons limits must 
be met by Monday. The US says it has been in compliance with the limits since August and it expects the Russians to 
comply by Monday’s deadline. As of 1 September, the last date for which official figures are available, Russia was 
below the launcher limit but slightly above the warhead limit, at 1,561.

“Moscow has repeatedly stated its intention to meet those limits on time, and we have no reason to believe that that 
won’t be the case,” US State Department spokeswoman Heather Nauert said Thursday.

The Pentagon’s nuclear review concluded that while arms control can advance American interests, “further progress is 
difficult to envision” in light of what the US considers Russia’s aggression in Ukraine and violations of existing arms 
deals. Administration officials briefed Russian and Chinese officials on Friday prior to the review’s public release.

The Trump nuclear doctrine breaks with Obama’s in ending his push to reduce the role of nuclear weapons in US defence 
policy.

Like Obama, Trump would consider using nuclear weapons only in “extreme circumstances,” while maintaining a degree of 
ambiguity about what that means. But Trump sees a fuller deterrent role for these weapons, as reflected in the plan to 
develop new capabilities to counter Russia in Europe.

The administration’s view is that Russian policies and actions are fraught with potential for miscalculation leading to 
an uncontrolled escalation of conflict in Europe.

It specifically points to a Russian doctrine known as “escalate to de-escalate,” in which Moscow would use or threaten 
to use smaller-yield nuclear weapons in a limited, conventional conflict in Europe in the belief that doing so would 
compel the US and Nato to back down.

“Recent Russian statements on this evolving nuclear weapons doctrine appear to lower the threshold for Moscow’s 
first-use of nuclear weapons,” the review said.

The administration proposes a two-step solution.

First, it would modify “a small number” of existing long-range ballistic missiles carried by Trident strategic 
submarines to fit them with smaller-yield nuclear warheads.

John Rood, the undersecretary of defence for policy, declined to provide an estimate of the cost, saying it would be 
partially included in the 2019 budget that will be submitted to Congress later this month. He said the missile would be 
fielded “in the near term,” but he refused to be more specific.

Second, “in the longer term”, the administration would develop a nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missile — 
re-establishing a weapon that existed during the cold wwar but was retired in 2011 by the Obama administration.

Robert Soofer, a senior nuclear policy official at the Pentagon who helped direct the policy review, said Moscow is 
likely to push back on the US’s plan for fielding those two additional weapons.

“I’m sure they won’t respond well,” Soofer said Thursday.

The press secretary at the Russian Embassy in Washington, Nikolay Lakhonin, did not immediately respond to a request 
for comment.

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