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Rita Evacuation Strategies
From: David Farber <dave () farber net>
Date: Fri, 23 Sep 2005 17:26:07 -0400
Begin forwarded message: From: peterb () cequs com Date: September 23, 2005 1:18:54 PM EDT To: dave () farber net Subject: Rita Evacuation Strategies Dave, An interesting but largely unknown factoid is that the Civil Defense warnings and shelters that many of us boomers experienced in the 1950's and 60's were largely a palliative measure aimed primarily at preventing keeping people off the roads, who would naturally tend to "head for the hills". Traffic jams were anticipated by the Defense Civil Preparedness Agency, which was the agency before FEMA. Houston officials that claimed they did not anticipate massive traffic jams but did not adequately communicate who specifically needed to evacuate within the short time frame allowed in pre-evacuation, and thus got a mass, rather than a specific targeted response. This speaks to how we choose to organize our responses. Historically, also the logic behind the Interstate System which served dual use purposes of civilian and miliary traffic was to prevent congestion. The Texas highway officials were going to open up "contraflow" allowing all traffic to flow northward, but changed their minds when it was apparent that resources needed to arrive in the city for pre-positioning. The governor of LA was forced to issue the following advice, "go North", and ask those remaining in the most dangerous areas to write their default identification number (social security) on their arms in indeliable ink to aid in case they did not make it by failing to leave. At one point, pre-FEMA days, the official government policy was to lie (mislead?) over the CD radio system to avoid counterproductive mass behaviors that would prevent orderly evacuation and subsequent relief efforts. It's probably been noted elsewhere, that taken as a whole, as a Nation, we don't line up very well, which is a difference between individual behaviors, and group behaviors in qeuing. We don't do this very well, and why other Nations are capable of this speaks to our inherent trust in government in general and the historical record, as well as crowd psychology, communications, and genetic traits regarding altruistic behaviors, like empathy which gives us an understanding of our fellow humans condition. Competition and cooperation are at the heart of the "teamwork" ethic. Egress simulations turn up different types of behaviors that are probably hardwired into our flight or fight response, which is a basic binary motivator, i.e. should I stay or should I go? The types of behaviors can be categorized into free agency which tends to block all exits as people look upon themselves as competitors, and act primarily as individuals; and in queueing behaviors where agents detect others and their potential exits, thus producing a queuing strategy. Herding behaviors take place when people follow others to exits. Every evacuation has a mixture of all three. What FEMA value added to this boolean logic of stay or go, was a flavor of free agency by giving people the ability to weigh their own options, rather than explicitly encouraging mass behaviors which would largely overwhelm resources, like being slashdotted. Information flow can degrade into denial of service. The better the information flow, the better the response. With that early Civil Defense strategy abandoned, FEMA came a change in logic that said that it was far better to tell people the truth, and allow them to sort out the situation for theselves, even to the point in perhaps engaging in mass behaviors that might not be productive. There came a faith in the individual to do the right thing, but with an expressed role of government officials to convey what the right thing was to do. As such the frustration of those stuck on the road, running out of gas, who were doing what they thought they were told to do. The importance of clear communications underscored the need for public officials to accurately convey information, and the dire results in not doing so clearly, and the tragedy where accurate information was not flowing to all the actors in the system, thus as in the case of Katrina, rather than Rita, actually preventing needed responses(like transportation, responders and vital supply delivery) from occuring while command and control messages failed to be processed correctly to let these responders respond with help. While there's much to be lauded in terms of heroic self sacrifice in events like the 9/11, Katrina, etc., in terms of first responders, we should not let our emotions in encouraging heroism in our "war on Terror/Terra" overshadow the need for logic in preventing these situations from becoming disasters in the first place. Sure it would not as newsworthy to have things run more smoothly, but wouldn't that be great news? As such we appear to have learned and quickly since the response and planning for Rita seems to be much better than Katrina. Often we look at what a horrible position we put these people in, and make then into heroes and victims, rather than fixing the problem and giving good options, and that appears to come from an ancient fear of angering the gods by using techne to challege the fates, as well as the sheer organizational challenge that any disaster requires. It was Ben Franklin who convinced us to adopt the lightning rod, a move that was opposed by some church officials of that time. He also fought against he rivalry of fire brigades and organized the insurance company symbolized by joined hands. While we have far more modern technology, it's clear that our thinking in these matters could progress beyond the binary flight or fight response to a more organized community that recognizes and takes into account the actions of our fellow humans like the citizen Franklin envisioned. peterb () cequs com ------------------------------------- You are subscribed as lists-ip () insecure org To manage your subscription, go to http://v2.listbox.com/member/?listname=ip Archives at: http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/
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- Rita Evacuation Strategies David Farber (Sep 23)