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more on 35th Anniversary of the Internet (well the start of the Arpanet anyway djf)
From: David Farber <dave () farber net>
Date: Mon, 04 Oct 2004 17:06:14 -0400
Begin forwarded message: From: Ian Peter <ian.peter () ianpeter com> Date: October 4, 2004 4:24:11 PM EDT To: dave () farber net, ip () v2 listbox comSubject: RE: [IP] more on 35th Anniversary of the Internet (well the start of the Arpanet anyway djf)
Hi Dave, there's been a bit of a debate about Internet beginnings in our Internet History newsletters (see www.nethistory.info) over the last couple of months. To paraphrase: In "Where Wizard Stay Up Late", we hear of a difference of opinion between Bob Kahn (Co-inventor of TCP/IP) and Bob Taylor (head of the Arpanet Project where the Internet supposedly began) as to whether the beginning is Arpanet (1969) or TCP/IP (1973). The most common theory on Internet beginnings is the Pentagon/1969/nuclear war theory. We can trace it back to Silicon Valley gossip columnist Robert Cringely in his "Accidental Empires" (first published 1992), and repeated in his Nerds 2.01 television series later in the 1990s. That's enough to make in common opinion, but not enough to make it accurate! Most historians dispute at least one aspect of this. In the History of the Internet Ebook, I wrote as follows "Neither the Pentagon nor 1969 hold up as the time and place the Internet was invented. A project which began in the Pentagon that year, called Arpanet, gave birth to the Internet protocols sometime later (during the 1970's), but 1969 was not the Internet's beginnings. Surviving a nuclear attack was not Arpanet's motivation, nor was building a global communications network." "What Arpanet did in 1969 that was important was to develop a variation of a technique called packet switching. In 1965, before Arpanet came into existence, an Englishman called Donald Davies had proposed a similar facility to Arpanet in the United Kingdom, the NPL Data Communications Network. It never got funded; but Donald Davies did develop the concept of packet switching, a means by which messages can travel from point to point across a network. Although others in the USA were working on packet switching techniques at the same time (notably Leonard Kleinrock and Paul Baran), it was the UK version that Arpanet first adopted." (www.theinternettapes.com) Kim Veltman of the McLuhan Institute (see the link from our International Histories page at www.nethistory.info) takes the "packet switching equals the Internet" argument a little further, and suggests that the Europeans invented the Internet if that's the case. He points to Louis Pouzin, who introduced the idea of data grams and an Englishman, Donald W. Davies, who was one of the inventors of packet-switching as being important in the origins. To quote Kim's paper, "The National Physical Laboratory in Great Britain set up the first test network on these principles [of packet switching] in 1968. Shortly afterward, the Pentagon's Advanced Research Projects Agency decided to fund a larger, more ambitious project in the USA. Hence an English project of 1968 inspired the beginnings of the US Internet in 1969". Ronda Hauben disputes the packet switching theory. To quote her forthcoming paper, "The history of the ARPANET and of packet switching, however, is not the history of the Internet. To quote Robert Kahn, "What the ARPANET didn't address was the issue of interconnecting multiple networks and all the attendant issues that raised."" And in our October newsletter Mitra Ardron takes it further with another theory altogether. "I would suggest that defining the history of the internet by the particular protocol that won is only one way to do it. Ask yourself - would it still be the internet if we were using ATM, or X.25 or any of the other competing protocols? Of course it would. An alternative view of history tracks the history of the Internet as the ubiquitous use of electronic "online" communications. The history belongs at the applications level - with the development of email, with the progression from proprietary databases to Gopher and Wais to the World Wide Web, and from newsgroups and conferencing through mailing lists and blogs. One very significant trend which tends to get ignored is the various online systems, the early Source, Compuserve, Dialcom, and of course APC networks, Fidonet etc. If anything, the history of the use of the Internet, at least from the point of view of the public, owes more to that stream of development than the more common version. From that perspective, the switch from X.25 to TCP/IP around say '92 for the transport was just something that was done when cost/benefit of TCP/IP dropped below that of X.25." So I don't think we have a defining birth date yet! Ian Peter Senior Partner Ian Peter and Associates Pty Ltd P.O. Box 10670 Adelaide St Brisbane 4000 Australia Tel (617) 3870 1181 Fax (617) 3105 7404 Mobile (614) 1966 7772 www.ianpeter.com www.nethistory.info www.internetmark2.org (Internet Analysis Report - 2004 now available) www.theinternettapes.com (check out the new Internet history Audio CD and Ebook at this site)
-----Original Message----- From: owner-ip () v2 listbox com [mailto:owner-ip () v2 listbox com] On Behalf Of Dave Farber Sent: Tuesday, 5 October 2004 1:25 AM To: ip () v2 listbox com Subject: [IP] more on 35th Anniversary of the Internet (well the start of the Arpanet anyway djf) ...... Forwarded Message ....... From: John Shoch <shoch () alloyventures com> To: dave () farber net Date: Mon, 04 Oct 2004 07:52:22 -0700 Subj: RE: [IP] 35th Anniversary of the Internet (well the start of the Arpanet anyway djf) Dave, There was a lot of great work done on both the Arpanet (packet switching) and the Internet (internetworking), and lots of people deserve credit. But the packets in 1969 were not internet packets, had no internet addressing, could not have been forwarded to a different network, etc., etc. This is rather like dating television back to Marconi -- a
stretch.
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- more on 35th Anniversary of the Internet (well the start of the Arpanet anyway djf) Dave Farber (Oct 04)
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- more on 35th Anniversary of the Internet (well the start of the Arpanet anyway djf) David Farber (Oct 04)
- more on 35th Anniversary of the Internet (well the start of the Arpanet anyway djf) David Farber (Oct 04)
- more on 35th Anniversary of the Internet (well the start of the Arpanet anyway djf) David Farber (Oct 04)