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NTT Labs Kahaner Report
From: David Farber <farber () central cis upenn edu>
Date: Wed, 3 Nov 1993 22:03:24 -0500
From: Dr. David K. Kahaner US Office of Naval Research Asia (From outside US): 23-17, 7-chome, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106 Japan (From within US): Unit 45002, APO AP 96337-0007 Tel: +81 3 3401-8924, Fax: +81 3 3403-9670 Email: kahaner () cs titech ac jp Re: NTT Labs 11/02/93 (MM/DD/YY) This file is named "ntt-labs.993" ABSTRACT. Some research activities at NTT's Yokosuka Lab and overview of corporate R&D organization. Also a discussion of a free-space optical interconnection scheme for parallel computers, and an improvement in traditional wavelength division multiplexing of optical networks. I have written about NTT research several times, see for example, Sep 8 1993 "isr.93", Feb 23 1993 "ntt-rev.93", Sep 19 1993 "ntt-r-d.993". I recently made a visit to the company's Yokosuka R&D Center to look at several of the research projects myself and get a general overview of the research organization. My host was Dr Mitsuru Miyauchi Senior Research Engineer, Supervisor Network Integration Laboratory NTT Telecommunication Networks Lab 1-2356, Taki, Yokosuka-shi Kanagawa-ken 238-03 Japan Tel: +81 468-59-3180; Fax: +81 468-59-2546 Email: MIYAUCHI () NTTMHS NTT JP By now, readers should be aware that NTT is the world's largest corporation with over 250,000 employees, providing telephone, telegraph, leased circuit, pager, videotex, fax, video conferencing, digital data exchange and related services. NTT is also associated with a variety of related business in the telecommunications industry. NTT also wholly owns NTT Data, which is Japan's largest systems integrator. Thus, it should be obvious that this report can only touch on a few research activities. I expect to examine other projects during the coming year. NTT has put heavy emphasis on merging computing, networking, and communications technologies -- this concept lies at the heart of their VI&P corporate logo, "Visual, Intelligent and Personal", and major research efforts are devoted toward supporting that activity. At the same time the R&D department is explicitly long term oriented. VI&P has a total time frame of 25 years (15 years to develop the concept and 10 years to make it readily available). However, R&D is also focused into the specialized areas that the company feels will be needed, and an emphasis is made to translate this into practical technologies. While NTT's net of disciplines is wide, the main emphasis is on optical and advanced electric wave, knowledge processing, optoelectronic, and nanoelectronic technologies. Long term targets are as follows. High-speed broadband communications using ATM switching and lightwave technologies. Intelligent communications using computerized knowledge processing. Personal communications services using ultra-small terminals and network ID searcher technologies. R&D for near term applications are as follows. Evolution from narrow band ISDN (N-ISDN) to broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). Ramp-up to intelligent and personal communications services. Development of advanced communications services and integrated operations systems. NTT maintains eight research institutes, including four R&D Centers (Musashino, Atsugi, Yokosuka. Ibaragi) of which the largest is at Yokosuka, about one hour south of Tokyo. The Centers support 13 separate labs. The NTT R&D organization has a total budget of 280B Yen, supporting about 8,500 people. The Labs and Centers have a budget of about 170B Yen and about 3,000 researchers. Telecommunications Networks Lab Architecture definition of communications networks and system integration for network optimization. Network Information Systems Lab Computer systems for information processing and access applications. Human Interface Lab Economical systems offering easy, more natural, more efficient operation. Communication Switching Lab Switching systems for economical, high performance networks. Transmission Systems Lab Transmission systems and wired telecommunications networks. Radio Communication Systems Lab Software Lab Software development and software quality control. LSI Lab Custom LSI for electronic and communications system applications. Opto-electronics Lab Optical circuits and parts for electronic and optical communications systems. Interdisciplinary Research Lab R&D and application of file recording systems, general purpose devices, materials, and parts. Basic Research Lab Communication Science Lab Fundamentals of communication science, such as AI, data security, and parallel processing. Within the R&D organizations currently about 5% of employees have PhD while almost 60% have Masters. However about 10% of NTT R&D employees receive PhD during their employment. I went to the Yokosuka Lab, which has a staff of around 1,300 researchers to visit Dr Miyauchi and see some of the ISDN related research. These all have a common communications theme. Several of interest to me are mentioned below. A 2D LCD video display (15 inch) with full 640x480 resolution. This uses a lenticular lens, which is typical, developed by NTT, along with an infrared sensor that can detect head movements to the right or left. This helps eliminate the need to keep a fixed position when using 3D displays without special glasses. Readers should note that similar work is also in progress at the ATR Labs in the Kansai region. (ATR Labs are heavily staffed by researchers from NTT on a rotation basis, see for example the report, "al.93", 20 Oct 1993.) Other research into glassless 3D systems may be found at NHK (television), see "nhk-oh.93", 10 June 1993. I was told that NTT's system will become a product next year (1994). A high speed videotex system that uses B-ISDN (ATM 156Mb/s) to transfer and display HDTV color still pictures and sound from a central multimedia database within 2 seconds, using a multilayered protocol based on OSI standards, and high speed reading from multiple disks by parallel access (5.6GB 8 mag disks) that can contain 930 non-compressed HDTV color still pictures. Attached to the HDTV monitor is a terminal control unit with 2K by 2K pixel frame memory, 8MB sound memory, and 8-bit/pixel for each of RBG. The database allows tree searching, direct searching, browsing and repeat retrieval. Applications are to electronic museums, catalogs, medical libraries, etc. A multimedia teleconferencing system using B-ISDN for individual users with X window terminals. The idea would be to remove the need for uses to go to a special teleconferencing site. Up to 20 difference sites can be conferenced and allows up to 11 windows with full-motion video. Two separate video sources are allowed per terminal and there is the option for an attached 300dpi scanner. A high speed 2.4Gb/s optical line connects the Yokosuka Center with the Musashino Center about 100km away. I was shown examples of computational displays of weather maps that were generated at Musashino and displayed at Yokosuka, with communication using ATM between NTT's Cray-2 and Convex computers at about T3 equivalent speeds of 45Mb/s. In their experimental system testing high speed computer communication they are getting a transmission rate of 4MB/s, or 32Mb/s using TCP/IP, about 70% of the ATM performance. Color images 512x512, equivalent to about 1MB, these take about 2 mu-sec computer to computer. Work is going on to use HIPPI (800MB/s) connections in the near future. Several kilometers away from the lab NTT has built a house and linked it with optical fiber that can multiplex-transmit data at speeds of several Mbps up to several hundred Mbps on a single optical fiber. The house is an advanced test bed for potential products and services that might become available when ISDN become widely used. In each room there are one or more systems running. These include interactive piano teacher, multi channel high definition TV (called HiVision in Japan), super high definition TV (SHD, 2K by 2K resolution, clear enough to read a full size newspaper digitized onto the screen), etc. I was told that SHD provides sufficient resolution for displaying medical images such as X-ray images, although ordinary HDTV does not. The home is really a showcase of ideas and is much larger than typical Japanese houses, except perhaps for the very wealthy. Nevertheless, some of these services may become future consumer products available to everyone. I also had the opportunity to meet Dr Takao Matsumoto Group Leader, Optical Signal Processing Research Group Lightwave Communications Lab NTT Transmission Systems Labs NTT Y-808A 1-2356 Take Yokosuka Kanagawa 238-03 Japan Tel: +81 468-59-3160; Fax: +81 468-59-3396 Email: TAKAO () NTTTSD NTT JP and discuss two very new research projects that are being presented this year, one at GLOBECOM'93 (Houston) and the other at ICCD'93 (Boston). Since papers about these projects are available in English, here I simply point readers to them and provide a short abstract. Multiple-Access Optical Network Architecture Employing a Wavelength-and-Network-Division Technique: MANDALA (GLOBECOM'93) Abstract: A novel multiple-access optical network architecture is presented that employs not only the WDM [wavelength division multiplexing] technique, but also division of networks. The subnetworks are connected to each other via a wavelength-dependent interconnection network, and pairs of subnetworks are optically linked with different combinations for each wavelength. Through an analysis of the throughput and delay for the slotted ALOHA protocol, the architecture is confirmed to be improved from the conventional one that employs only the WDM technique. For example, the improvement ratio of the throughput for a four-wavelength network is 2.4, and that for an eight-wavelength is 4.4. [ The name of this project was confusing to me, as it may well be to others, because MANDALA, the name of ancient multi-armed deity, is also used as the name of at least two other networking projects in Japan. However, Dr. Matsumoto believes that his work is unrelated to those. In the current research, MANDALA stands for Multiple-access-network Architecture employing Network Division And Light-wavelength Assignment, and refers as explained above to the ability to build essentially independent virtual networks with 1nm wavelength separation, DKK. A Three-Dimensional Mesh Multiprocessor System Using Board-to-Board Free-Space Optical Interconnects: COSINE-III (ICCD'93) Abstract: A prototype multiprocessor system using board-to-board free-space optical interconnects distributed over the processor boards is constructed for the first time. The system consists of 64 processing units interconnected in a three-dimensional (3-D) mesh network with the help of bidirectional free-space optical interconnects. Theoretical analysis of signal delay and wiring congestion characteristics in the 3-D mesh network using free-space optical interconnects concludes that the network is superior to that using a conventional backplane interconnects. In the prototype system, signal transmission of all 96 free-space optical interconnects is stable even after repeated extraction and insertion of the processor boards, and system operation without error for 100 hours is performed. The system is also shown to be easy to extend to a larger and more flexible system. [The system name COSINE-III stands for Computer system employing Optical Spatial INterconnections for Experimentation-III. Each of the 64 cpus is formed by combining 2 T800 transputers with 4MB of local memory. There are 16 cpus (in a 4x4 mesh) on a board, and four stacked boards 25mm apart. Each cpu has six bidirectional communication links, four electrical (standard T800 configuration, 20Mb/s) that connect the cpu with its N-S-E-W neighbors on the board, and two free-space optical interconnects which connect with the two facing cpus on neighboring boards. Signal transmission of 20Mb/s was performed for all 96 free-space optical links used for board-to-board interconnects. The authors discuss stiffening the boards and the use of reflection mirrors to compactify and extend the system, DKK] ----------------------------------------------- Additional information. NTT recently had its annual International Symposium, 28 Oct 1993, with a theme "Fiber Optic Access Networks and Services". It included lectures on the following topics. Overview of NTT's R&D Fiber Optic Access Networks and Services Plan for Optical Access Networks Optical Fiber Network Structure Access Network Systems Telecommunication Network Services for Personal Communicators and Electronic Publishing Multimedia Application Services Multimedia LAN Services Broadband Network Services The Symposium was chaired by NTT's President, Masashi Kojima, and details can be obtained by writing to Secretariat for NTT International Symposium '93 c/o International Public Relations Co Ltd Shinbashi Fuji Bldg, 2-1-3 Shinbashi, Minato-ku Tokyo 105 Japan Tel: +81 3 3595-1454; Fax: +81 3 3501-8945 In addition, the Japan Information Processing Development Center (JIPDEC) has just published JIQ No.94, "Cutting-Edge New-Media Technologies in Japan", containing articles (in English) on teletex/videotex, HDTV, bi-directional CATV, TV phones, video conferencing, etc. This individual issue can be obtained for Y3500, or an annual subscription for Y13000, by writing to the following. JIPDEC 3-5-8 Shibakoen, Minato-ku Tokyo 105, Japan Tel: +81 3 3432-9384; Fax: +81 3 3432-9389 ------------------------------END OF REPORT------------------------------
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