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IP: part 2 Next Generation Internet
From: Dave Farber <farber () central cis upenn edu>
Date: Thu, 10 Oct 1996 13:15:38 -0400
Qs and As on Next-Generation Internet Initiative October 10, 1996 Q 1. Why does the government need to do this, given that the commercial Internet industry is growing so explosively? The U.S. research community and government agencies have requirements that can not be met on today's public Internet or with today's technology. For example, the Department of Defense needs the ability to transmit large amounts of real-time imagery data to military decision-makers to maintain "information dominance." Scientists and engineers at universities and national labs need reliable and secure access to remote supercomputers, scientific facilities, and other researchers interacting in virtual environments. The productivity of the U.S. research community will be increased if they have access to high-speed networks with advanced capabilities. These new technologies will also help meet important national missions in defense, energy, health and space. An initiative of this nature would not be undertaken by the private sector alone because the benefits can not be captured by any one firm. The Administration believes that this initiative will generate enormous benefits for the Nation as a whole. It will accelerate the wide-spread availability of networked multimedia services to our homes, schools and businesses, with applications in areas such as community networking, life-long learning, telecommuting, electronic commerce, and health care. Q 2. What are some of the capabilities that the "Next Generation Internet" will have that today's Internet does not? Below are just of the few of the possibilities. Many new applications will be developed by those using the Next Generation Internet. ? An increased ability to handle real-time, multimedia applications such as video-conferencing and "streams" of audio and video -- very important for telemedicine and distance education. Currently, the Internet can't make any guarantees about the rate at which it will deliver data to a given destination, making many real-time applications difficult or impossible. ? Sufficient bandwidth to transfer and manipulate huge volumes of data. Satellites and scientific instruments will soon generate a terabyte (a trillion bytes) of information in a single day. [The printed collection of the Library of Congress is equivalent to 10 terabytes.] ? The ability to access remote supercomputers, construct a "virtual" supercomputer from multiple networked workstations, and interact in real-time with simulations of tornadoes, ecosystems, new drugs, etc. ? The ability to collaborate with other scientists and engineers in shared, virtual environments, including reliable and secure remote use of scientific facilities. Q 3. Does this represent a shift in the Administration's policy that the "information superhighway" will be built, owned, and operated by the private sector? Absolutely not. The Administration does believe that it is appropriate for the government to help fund R&D and research networks, however. Partnerships with industry and academia will ensure that the results of government-funded research are widely available. Q 4. Will this benefit all Americans, or just the research community? By being a smart and demanding customer, the federal government and leading research universities will accelerate the commercial availability of new products, services, and technologies. New technologies have transitioned very rapidly from the research community to private sector companies. For example, Mosaic, the first graphical Web browser, was released by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications 1993. By 1994, Netscape and other companies had formed to develop commercial Web browsers. Today, millions of Americans use the Web. The public will also benefit from the economic growth and job creation that will be generated from these new technologies, the new opportunities for life-long learning, and research breakthroughs in areas such as health. Q 5. What, if anything, will it do about "traffic jams" on the Internet, or the ability of the Internet to continue its phenomenal rate of growth? The lion's share of the responsibility for dealing with this problem lies with the private sector. Internet Service Providers will have to invest in higher capacity, more reliable networks to keep up with demand from their customers. However, this initiative will help by investing in R&D, creating testbeds, and serving as a first customer for many of the technologies that will help the Internet grow and flourish. One of the goals of the initiative is to identify and deploy technologies that will help the Internet continue its exponential rate of growth. Examples include: ? Ultra-fast, all-optical networks; ? Faster switches and routers; ? The ability to "reserve" bandwidth for real-time applications; ? A new version of the Internet Protocol that will prevent a shortage of Internet addresses; ? "Multicast" technology that conserves bandwidth by disseminating data to multiple recipients at the same time; ? Software for replicating information throughout the Internet, thereby reducing bottlenecks; ? Software for measuring network performance; and ? Software to assure reliability and security of information transmitted over the Internet. Q 6. How does this initiative relate to existing government programs, such as the High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative? Will this be a totally new network? The initiative represents an increase in the HPCC budget. The initiative will include both: (1) an expansion and augmentation of existing research networks supported by NSF, the Department of Defense, the Department of Energy, and NASA; (2) new networks;and (3) development of applications by agencies such as the National Institutes of Health. Q 7. Are more technical details on the initiative available? The Administration intends to consult broadly with the research community, the private sector, and other stakeholders before developing the final technical details for this initiative.
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